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1.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 42(2): 133-136, nov. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869764

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los meningiomas de la vaina del nervio óptico (MVNO) son tumores inusuales de la vía visual anterior. Sin tratamiento, el crecimiento del tumor lleva a pérdida visual progresiva hasta la ceguera debido a la compresión que ejerce sobre el nervio óptico. Presentación del caso: Paciente, sexo femenino, 42 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos, que en 1992, inicia cuadro de disminución de la agudeza visual del ojo izquierdo. La resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral informa una lesión expansiva fusiforme en relación a la vaina del nervio óptico izquierdo que lo engloba, altamente sugerente de MVNO. En esa ocasión se realiza exploración de órbita la cual resulta frustra, por lo que se decide observación con controles clínicos e imagenológicos anuales, permaneciendo estable. Aproximadamente diez años más tarde, en el lapso de un año, inicia agravación progresiva de la agudeza y campo visual, ptosis palpebral y alteraciones de la oculo-motilidad del ojo izquierdo, objetivadas por examen neuro-oftalmológico, por lo que se sospecha progresión de MVNO. Se solicita nueva RM que confirma crecimiento significativo del tumor. Se descarta nuevo abordaje quirúrgico por riesgo de mayor deterioro visual y se efectúa radioterapia conformacional con una dosis de 54 Gy. Actualmente, a la edad de 65 años, se cumplen 24 años de evolución, 13 post radioterapia, confirmándose estabilidad clínica y radiológica de MVNO. Discusión: La radioterapia, cuando se observa progresión de la enfermedad, ha demostrado ser una terapia eficaz para los MVNO, con menos complicaciones y con mejores resultados en la preservación de la función visual a largo plazo.


Introduction: Optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSM) are rare tumors of the anterior visual pathway. Without treatment, tumor growth leads to progressive loss of visual acuity and blindness due to optic nerve compression. Case report: Patient, female, 42 years without other morbility , begins in 1992 with decreased visual acuity of the left eye, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed enlargement of the left optic nerve sheath, suggestive of ONSM. On that occasion, orbit exploration failed, so it was decided to follow up with annual clinical and imaging controls. About ten years later, begins with progressive deterioration of visual acuity and visual field , with ptosis and ocular motor palsy of the left eye, confirmed with neuro-ophtalmological examinations. MRI shows tumor progression. A new surgical approach was discarded by the risk of visual worsening. A conformal radiotherapy was performed with a fractionated 54 Gy dose. Today, at age 65, after 24 years of follow up,13 post radiation therapy. clinical and radiological stability of ONSM is confirmed. Discussion: Conformal radiotherapy has been shown as an effective therapy, with fewer complications and better outcomes in the preservation of visual function in the long term follow up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Female , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Meningioma/diagnosis , Meningioma/radiotherapy , Optic Nerve Neoplasms , Radiotherapy, Conformal , Radiosurgery/instrumentation , Radiosurgery/methods , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Visual Acuity
2.
J Cancer Res Ther ; 2008 Oct-Dec; 4(4): 169-72
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-111414

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The goal of treatment in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is total obliteration of the AVM, restoration of normal cerebral function, and preservation of life and neurological function. AIM: To analyze the results of X-knife and surgery for AVM of the brain. The endpoints for success or failure were as follows: success was defined as angiographic obliteration and failure as residual lesion, requiring retreatment, or death due to hemorrhage from the AVM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2002 to May 2007, 54 patients were enrolled for this study. Grade I AVM was seen in 9%, grade II in 43%, grade III in 26%, grade IV in 9%, and grade V in 13%. Thirty-eight patients were treated by microsurgical resection out of which Grade I was seen in 5 patients, Grade II was seen in 17 patients, Grade III was seen in 9 patients and Grade V was seen in 7 patients. Rest of the sixteen patients were treated by linear accelerator radiosurgery out of which Grade II was seen in 6 patients, Grade III was seen in 5 patients and Grade IV was seen in 5 patients. The follow up was in range of 3-63 months. In follow up, digital subtraction angiography/ magnetic resonance angiography (DSA/MRA) was performed 3 months after surgery and 1 year and 2 years after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). RESULTS: Among the patients treated with X-knife, 12/16 (75%) had proven angiographic obliteration. Complications were seen in 4/16 (25%) patients. Among the patients treated with microsurgical resection, 23/38 (61%) had proven angiographic obliteration. Complications (both intraoperative and postoperative) were seen in 19/38 (50%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: Sixty-one percent of patients were candidates for surgical resection. X-knife is a good modality of treatment for a low-grade AVM situated in eloquent areas of the brain and also for high-grade AVMs, when the surgical risk and morbidity is high.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Angiography/methods , Brain/surgery , Cerebral Angiography/methods , Female , Humans , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Male , Middle Aged , Radiosurgery/instrumentation , Treatment Outcome
3.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 50(6): 996-1004, dez. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-439717

ABSTRACT

Os adenomas hipofisários correspondem a aproximadamente 15 por cento dos tumores intracraniais. As modalidades de tratamento incluem microcirurgia, terapia medicamentosa e radioterapia. A microcirurgia é o tratamento primário realizado nos pacientes com adenomas não-funcionantes e na maioria dos adenomas funcionantes. Dentre estes, a exceção são os prolactinomas, cujo tratamento primário é baseado no uso de agonistas dopaminérgicos. Entretanto, cerca de 30 por cento dos pacientes requerem tratamento adicional após a microcirurgia devido à recorrência ou persistência tumoral. Nesses casos, a radioterapia fracionada convencional tem sido tradicionalmente empregada. Mais recentemente, a radiocirurgia tem se estabelecido com uma alternativa terapêutica. A radiocirurgia permite que a dose prescrita seja precisamente conformada ao volume-alvo, e que se poupe os tecidos adjacentes. Portanto, os riscos de hipopituitarismo, alteração visual e vasculopatia são significativamente menores. Além disso, a latência da resposta à radiocirurgia é substancialmente menor do que na radioterapia fracionada convencional. Nesta revisão, procuramos definir a eficácia, segurança e o papel da radiocirurgia no tratamento dos adenomas hipofisários, bem como apresentar os dados preliminares de nossa instituição.


Pituitary adenomas represent nearly 15 percent of all intracanial tumors. Multimodal treatment includes microsurgery, medical management and radiotherapy. Microsurgery is the primary recommendation for nonfunctioning and most of functioning adenomas, except for prolactinomas that are usually managed with dopamine agonist drugs. However, about 30 percent of patients require additional treatment after microsurgery for recurrent or residual tumors. In these cases, fractionated radiation therapy has been the traditional treatment. More recently, radiosurgery has been established as a treatment option. Radiosurgery allows the delivery of prescribed dose with high precision strictly to the target and spares the surrounding tissues. Therefore, the risks of hypopituitarism, visual damage and vasculopathy are significantly lower. Furthermore, the latency of the radiation response after radiosurgery is substantially shorter than that of fractionated radiotherapy. The goal of this review is to define the efficacy, safety and role of radiosurgery for treatment of pituitary adenomas and to present the preliminar results of our institution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adenoma/surgery , Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery , Radiosurgery/standards , Acromegaly/surgery , Cushing Syndrome/surgery , Radiosurgery/adverse effects , Radiosurgery/instrumentation , Treatment Outcome
4.
Pan Arab Journal of Neurosurgery. 2005; 9 (1): 21-6
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-74272

ABSTRACT

Arteriovenous malformations [AVM] of the brain are congenital lesions and remain dormant for many years but can haemorrhage, cause seizure or impair brain function. Modern therapeutic modalities for AVM include microsurgery, intravascular neurosurgery and stereotactic radiosurgery. There is significant risk of intraoperative haemorrhage due to abnormal vessels as well as due to change in haemodynamic pattern of surrounding brain after excision. Inadequate coagulation of feeding vessels and draining channels, loss of plane between nidus and normal brain, persistent residual or daughter sinus and inadequate intraoperative blood pressure control are the main causes of haemorrhage. The main important aspect in AVM surgery is to identify the plane between the nidus and normal brain and work around the nidus. It is very important to aggressively reduce intraoperative haemorrhage and prevent or minimize the dilation of abnormal capillaries and arteries on the basis of fundamental surgical strategy, i.e., feeder-nidus-drainer. Adequate control is the key factor in prevention and treatment of haemorrhage. In a period of 8 years, from 1994-2003, our department dealt with 290 cases of AVM. In 212 patients, operative removal was performed, which included 89 cases with intracerebral haematoma. In 39 cases, embolisation and/or gamma knife was preferred


Subject(s)
Humans , Radiosurgery/instrumentation , Hematoma , Brain
6.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 62(6): 419-22, 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-212020

ABSTRACT

Se revisan dos series de pacientes operadas a bisturí frío (B.F.) y con radiocirugía de alta frecuencia ambas con al menos 1 año de seguimiento. Sendas series, eran pacientes con neoplasia intraepiteliales de alto grado (NIE), o canal positivo o disrelación cito colpohistológica con biopsia previa. En el procedimiento con B.F. hay 83,3 por ciento de suficiencia y en RAF 50,9 por ciento, pero en RAF se puede repetir el procedimiento. En B.F. hubo 16,7 por ciento de histerectomía no así en RAF. En B.F. hay 4 hematometras y las series son similar en complicaciones hemorrágicas. Con B.F. hay biopsia de endometrio no así en RAF.En RAF se necesitan a veces 2 ó 3 procedimientos lo que no existe en B.F. El RAF es ambulatorio, menos costoso y exige más observación en el tiempo. Hoy en nuestro Centro de Patología Cervical se practica casi exclusivamente el RAF. El BF se usa solo en cáncer microinvasor 11 A de difícil diagnóstico


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Uterine Cervical Dysplasia/surgery , Conization/methods , Radiosurgery , Conization/adverse effects , Conization/instrumentation , Hysterectomy , Length of Stay , Postoperative Complications , Radiosurgery/adverse effects , Radiosurgery/instrumentation
7.
Actual. pediátr ; 6(4): 134-59, dic. 1996. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-190397

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años, la introducción de la radiocirugía, en combinación con la microneurocirugía y la neurorradiología intervencionista, ha hecho posible eltratamiento eficaz, de patologías de tipo vascular y tumoral al igual que trastornos funcionales, hasta hace poco intratables o tratables a costa de una elevada morbimortalidad para el paciente. En el presente artículo se hace una revisión de los conceptos básicos de física y radioterapia que debe conocer el médico para tener acceso en forma lógica y segura a esta tecnología. Se revisan las opciones de tratamiento con radiocirugía disponibles hoy día, sus indicaciones, resultados y efectos colaterales. El tema tratado posee enorme importancia para los médicos en general ya que desde hace poco esta tecnología ya está disponible en el país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Radiosurgery , Radiosurgery/instrumentation , Radiosurgery/statistics & numerical data , Cyclotrons/instrumentation , Cyclotrons/statistics & numerical data
8.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 53(1): 38-45, mar. 1995. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-155477

ABSTRACT

A radiocirurgia consiste na irradiaçäo precisa de um volume alvo intracraniano com uma alta dose de energia, preservando o tecido nervoso adjacente. O desenvolvimento tecnológico dos aceleradores lineares, dos equipamentos estereotáxicos e da ciência de computaçäo simplificaram o procedimento e tornarom-no acessível. Suas indicaçöes principais säo as lesöes intracranianas inoperáveis como malformaçöes artério-venosa, schwnomas vestibulares e de outros nervos cranianos, meningeomas da base do crânio, gliomas e metástases cerebrais. Mais recentemente o desenvolvimento da radioterapia esterotáxica fracionada ampliou o espectro de indicaç 8es da radiocirurgia para lesöes maiores e adjacentes a estruturas nervosas críticas. Apresentamos a nossa experiência inicial com estas técnicas no tratamento de 31 pacientes. Observamos controle adequado das lesöes neoplásicas tratadas e aguardamos o tempo necessário para a observaçäo de resultados nas malformçöes artério-venosas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Radiosurgery/instrumentation , Glioma/surgery , Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations/surgery , Meningioma/surgery , Microsurgery , Neoplasm Metastasis , Neuroma, Acoustic/surgery , Radiosurgery/adverse effects , Skull Neoplasms/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome
9.
Rev. Asoc. Méd. Argent ; 106(1): 40-50, 1993. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-175467

ABSTRACT

La radiofrecuencia o radiocirugía es la utilización de una onda de electrones de radiofrecuencia para hacer incisiones, escisiones, ablaciones o coagulación de tejidos. Sola o asociada con otras técnicas tiene múltiples aplicaciones en Estomatología y Dermatología donde se la utiliza para el tratamiento de lesiones benignas, malignas y cosmiátricas. En Proctología es utilizada para la resección de pólipos, papilas hipertróficas, lesiones por HPV y para esfinterectomía. Tiene la ventaja de no producir hemorragia. En Ginecología donde se indica para la escisión de zonas de transformación, para biopsias del tracto genital inferior y para hacer conizaciones. También se emplea para la extirpación de lesiones por HPV en vulva y vagina. Permite además bajo control laparoscópico tratar embarazos ectópicos, hidrosalpix, quiste de ovarios, hacer miomectomías, etc.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Electrodes/statistics & numerical data , Radiosurgery/instrumentation , Radiosurgery/statistics & numerical data , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Genital Neoplasms, Female/surgery , Mouth Diseases/surgery , Papilloma/surgery , Skin Diseases/surgery , Skin Neoplasms/surgery
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